Ethanol production from Non food crops technology already available. Many oil PSU’s have installed 2 G ethanol plant the feedstock for which is straw, agri waste , stubble …etc.
So dependence on ethanol grains should come down., share of 2G ethanol should go up.
On EV , I see another issue. Renewable energy storage is required for feeding in to grid and the ESS would again depend upon lithium ion battery. So there is a competition between EV & Renewal energy storage solution at global level for getting the same lithium ion battery the elements of lithium cobal nickel available only in few countries as of now.
So EV will continue to coexist and yes limited to 2 wheelers and may be cars and buses in metro cities. But now since 2 wheeler CNG/ CBG is available , it would be much cheaper to buy and operate a CBG 2 wheeler.
Hybrids is also becoming very popular with impressive carbon foot print and cost of operation even without govt subsidy
Hydrogen is the ultimate Green fuel…But why single out Toyota for hydrogen only . .today every Auto OEM India has a pilot project hydrogen iC engine and some of them with even fuel cell vehicle. Once hydrogen filling infra made available , they will produce in a large number. because Hydrogen IC is a upgradation of existing petrol diesel engine.
Leyland hydrogen / Tata hydrogen pilot buses are already running on Road. A few hydrogen filling stations have also been made at Delhi and ense where.
Hydrogen IC engine is not a big deal, Fuel cell though.
Finally yes, many alternatives to disel petrol now available in Indian roads, EV, Hybrids, Ethanol blend , flexi, flexi hybrids, CNG, CBG, LNG, LBG, Biodiesel , Hydrogen, Fuel cell …and so on.
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